{"id":22,"date":"2013-11-13T18:35:49","date_gmt":"2013-11-13T18:35:49","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/vnps.dreamhosters.com\/princewilliamwildflowersociety\/?page_id=22"},"modified":"2020-10-21T16:30:19","modified_gmt":"2020-10-21T20:30:19","slug":"taxonomic-changes-for-regional-species-of-asteraceae","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/vnps.org\/princewilliamwildflowersociety\/botanizing-with-marion\/taxonomic-changes-for-regional-species-of-asteraceae\/","title":{"rendered":"Taxonomic Changes for Regional Species of Asteraceae"},"content":{"rendered":"

By Marion Lobstein<\/strong><\/p>\n

 In modern taxonomic treatments, the genus Aster<\/em> has been radically altered for our native \u201casters\u201d!  Based on molecular (DNA) and morphological (physical characteristics) evidence, our area\u2019s native \u201casters\u201d have been reassigned, as their original genus is now divided into five other genera\u2014Doellingeria<\/em>, Eurybia<\/em>, Ionactis, <\/em>Oclemena, <\/em>andSymphyotrichum<\/em>. Our only remaining Aster<\/em> species is the Tartarian aster, Aster tataricus,<\/em> an introduced species from Asia.  That species and many other Eurasian asters are primarily still classified in the genus Aster<\/em>.  According to molecular DNA studies, our native asters are more closely related to Solidago<\/em> (goldenrods) and Erigeron<\/em> (daisy fleabanes) species than the Eurasian asters.<\/p>\n

A table, below, summarizes the information on the taxonomy of our \u201casters\u201d authorities (who first assigned the genus name) and dates, the derivation of each genus name, and a list of our area species in each genus. As you will notice, these are not new or recent genera. The latest date of these genera being proposed is almost a century old, 1903!<\/p>\n

The history of the use of the name \u201caster\u201d goes back as early as 2,300 years ago with the Greeks. Greek naturalists, such as Hippocrates, Aristotle, and Theophrastus, and the Romans Dioscorides and Pliny, all used the name of Aster. In the middle ages, many herbalists used the name or variations as they described medicinal uses of this plant. In the 1600s, a controversy among herbalists and botanist occurred as to whether there is only one species of Aster or multiple species.<\/p>\n

Around the same time, there was an influx of North American Asters into Europe. Carl Linnaeus in the mid-1700s recognized twenty species of Aster. In the 1762 second edition of Flora Virginica,<\/em> John Clayton and Johann Gronovious noted 14-15 species of Aster<\/em>. By the early 1800s, the Frenchman Alexandre De Cassini introduced the genus Eurybia<\/em>,<\/em> <\/em>and the German <\/em>Christian Nees von Isenbeck in 1832 introduced the genera Symphyotrichum<\/em>and Doellingeria. <\/em>In the early 1800s, <\/em>Asa Gray and John Torrey used other genus names, such as Eurybia<\/em>,<\/em> to separate Aster <\/em>species, but Gray later decided to lump the asters into one genus in his Gray\u2019s Manual of Botany <\/em>(1848).  <\/em>In the late 1800s and early 1900s, the American Edward Lee Greene proposed Ionactis <\/em>(1897) and <\/em>Oclemena <\/em>(1903).  Nathaniel Britton  and Addison Brown, in their Illustrated Flora of the Northern United States, Canada, and the British Possessions<\/em>,<\/em> used  Eurybia<\/em> as a synonym for Aster glomerulus,<\/em>and Doellingeria <\/em>and Ionactis<\/em> as valid genera. <\/em><\/strong>As late as 1991, Arthur Cronquist, in the second edition of the Manual of Vascular Plants of the Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada,<\/em> recognized Ionactis <\/em>as a valid genus. It was only in the mid-1990s, however, based on new molecular (DNA) and morphological evidence, that Guy L. Nesom reintroduced the use of the \u201cnew\u201d genera of Doellingeria<\/em>, Eurybia<\/em>, Ionactis, <\/em> Oclemena,<\/em>and Symphyotrichum <\/em>to separate our native asters from Eurasian aster. It has been a long and complicated journey of naming and renaming our beautiful fall asters, and there will probably be more changes to come!<\/p>\n

Resources for further reference<\/strong><\/p>\n

 Good online history of genus Aster<\/em><\/strong>:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cThe Pre-Clusian History of Botany in Its Relation to Aster,\u201d by Edward Sanford Burgess<\/a>[the then-authority on genus Aster]<\/em>. In the Memoirs of the Torrey Botanical Club, <\/em>Vols 8-9, <\/em>New York: The Torrey Botanical Club (1902). <\/em><\/p>\n

\u201cSpecies and Variations of Biotian Asters with Discussion of Variability in Aster,\u201d by Edward Sanford Burgess<\/a>. In the Memoirs of the Torrey Botanical Club,<\/em> Vol. 10, New York: The Torrey Botanical Club (1906).<\/p>\n

 Good online general articles on changes to genus Aster:<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u201cThe Curious Case of the Disappearing Asters<\/a>,\u201d by Alan Weakley, UNC Herbarium Curator, in \u201cReport from the Herbarium.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u201cAster La Vista?<\/a>\u201d in The American Gardener<\/em>, American Horticultural Society<\/p>\n

\u201cName Changes in Aster<\/em><\/a>\u201d at Wikipedia<\/p>\n

\u201cName Changes in Aster<\/a> by Guy Nesom<\/p>\n

\u201cRecent name changes in the aster family (Asteraceae)<\/a>,\u201d by Guy Nesom<\/p>\n

“Chart Noting Changes in Asteraceae and Aster Species Found<\/a>“, by Marion Lobstein<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

By Marion Lobstein  In modern taxonomic treatments, the genus Aster has been radically altered for our native \u201casters\u201d!  Based on molecular (DNA) and morphological (physical characteristics) evidence, our area\u2019s native \u201casters\u201d have been reassigned, as their original genus is now divided into five other genera\u2014Doellingeria, Eurybia, Ionactis, Oclemena, andSymphyotrichum. Our only remaining Aster species is the Tartarian aster, Aster tataricus, an introduced species…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":12,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","template":"tpl-sidebar.php","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-22","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"yoast_head":"\nTaxonomic Changes for Regional Species of Asteraceae - Prince William Wildflower Society<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/vnps.org\/princewilliamwildflowersociety\/botanizing-with-marion\/taxonomic-changes-for-regional-species-of-asteraceae\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Taxonomic Changes for Regional Species of Asteraceae - Prince William Wildflower Society\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"By Marion Lobstein  In modern taxonomic treatments, the genus Aster has been radically altered for our native \u201casters\u201d!  Based on molecular (DNA) and morphological (physical characteristics) evidence, our area\u2019s native \u201casters\u201d have been reassigned, as their original genus is now divided into five other genera\u2014Doellingeria, Eurybia, Ionactis, Oclemena, andSymphyotrichum. 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